Which type of RNA is primarily involved in translating mRNA into proteins?

The type of RNA primarily involved in translating mRNA into proteins is transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA plays a crucial role in the process of translation by bringing amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with a corresponding codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA), ensuring that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) also plays an essential role in this process as it is a key structural and functional component of ribosomes, the cellular machinery where translation occurs. While rRNA is vital, it is not the molecule that directly translates mRNA; rather, it helps form the site where translation takes place.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, serving as the template for translation. However, it does not itself participate in the actual process of translating codons into amino acids.

Although all these types of RNA work together in the process of protein synthesis, the most direct involvement in translating the mRNA's codons into the specific amino acids is performed by tRNA. Therefore, the correct answer focuses specifically on the unique function of tRNA in the translation process.