Which organelle plays a major role in lipid synthesis and drug detoxification?

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) is the organelle primarily responsible for lipid synthesis and drug detoxification. Unlike the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, the smooth ER has a smooth appearance and plays a critical role in the metabolism of lipids. It is integral in synthesizing phospholipids and cholesterol, which are essential components of cellular membranes.

In addition to lipid synthesis, the smooth ER is involved in the detoxification of drugs and other harmful substances, particularly in liver cells. Enzymes located in the smooth ER modify these substances to make them less toxic and easier for the body to eliminate. This detoxification process is important for maintaining homeostasis and protecting the body from potential damage caused by environmental toxins.

While the rough ER, lysosomes, and mitochondria serve other important functions within the cell, they are not primarily responsible for lipid synthesis or drug detoxification. The rough ER focuses on synthesizing proteins, lysosomes are involved in the breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris, and mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.