Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it is the primary site of energy production through a process called cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, mitochondria convert nutrients like glucose into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. This process involves several stages, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, primarily occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The high surface area of the inner membrane, due to its folds known as cristae, enhances the mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP efficiently. Mitochondria also have their own DNA, which supports their role in energy production, as they can replicate independently within the cell. This unique characteristic emphasizes their essential role in cellular metabolism and energy management, reinforcing the classification of mitochondria as the powerhouse of the cell.