Which molecule carries amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis?

The molecule that carries amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis is transfer RNA, commonly known as tRNA. Each tRNA molecule has a specific three-nucleotide sequence, known as the anticodon, that pairs with the corresponding codon on messenger RNA (mRNA) during translation. This ensures that the correct amino acid, which is attached to the tRNA, is added to the growing polypeptide chain according to the sequence dictated by the mRNA.

tRNA plays a crucial role in decoding the information contained in mRNA. While messenger RNA provides the instructions for the sequence of the amino acids in a protein, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, tRNA is specifically responsible for bridging the genetic code with the amino acids that are assembled into proteins. DNA contains the genetic blueprint but does not participate directly in the process of protein synthesis at the ribosome.