What is the primary function of peroxisomes in a cell?

Peroxisomes play a crucial role in the detoxification of harmful chemicals in a cell. These organelles contain a variety of enzymes that are involved in breaking down fatty acids and amino acids, as well as in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. One of the key functions of peroxisomes is to convert hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of various metabolic reactions, into water and oxygen using the enzyme catalase. This process protects the cell from oxidative damage and helps maintain cellular health.

While peroxisomes are involved in lipid metabolism and certain levels of energy production (through the breakdown of fatty acids), their most prominent and distinguishing function is the detoxification of harmful substances, making them essential for cellular homeostasis and overall metabolic health.